The effect of change in yarn quality analyzed by testing, the produced yarn at different delivery speed in SQC laboratory. In this study, the effect of rotor speed from 35,000 to 45,000 rpm and rotor diameter from 43 to 66 mm on 100% cotton yarn properties in terms of thick, thin places and neps were systematically investigated.   The Neps are an undesirable factor which reduces the quality of the yarn and ultimately reduces the cost of the final products. 0 REFERENCES 1 2 [1]. Effect of Twist on Yarn Properties #Mr.K.R.Patil, #Mr.Kulabhaskar Sing, *Prof.P.P.Kolte, *Prof.A.M.Daberao, #Raymond Ind. S.P.Mishra, (2005); Fiber Science and technology; New age international ltd publishers. For quality jute fabrics or composites, good quality yarn is one of the basic needs. On the other hand, they can produce quite fatal results in the finished product. This can be as low as 40% and as high as 90%. In this study, the relationship between fiber properties and yarn imperfections has been investigated using statistical and Monte Carlo techniques. Abstract Yarn testing plays a crucial role in gauging product quality, assuring regulatory compliance and assessing the performance of textile materials. Ginning conditions that influence nep formation are the ginning process itself, the amount of lint cleaning, heat history and the amount of energy input into the individual fiber. This is because neps may either be removed during carding or straightened in the carding zone. Our site uses cookies and other technologies so that we, and our partners, can remember you, understand how you use our site, and serve you communications in line with your interests. Normally, long and fine fibers are more flexible, and they have more tendency to curl and entangle together than short and coarse fibers. COTTON QUALITY: WHITE SPECK NEPS FROM FIBER TO FABRIC Patricia Bel New Orleans, LA Bugao Xu The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX Abstract White speck neps, which are composed of immature cotton, are not easily detected until the fabric is dyed, whereupon they become visible particularly in dark shades. The latter have been determined to cause yarn faults A list of potential substitutes, if you can't get hold of (or can't afford) Rico Design Fashion Cotton Neps DK, with detailed advice and warnings about any differences. The following types of neps may be observed in a bale of cotton: Pure fiber neps (or mechanical neps) typically consist of long and fine fibers. In order to study the effects of heat setting conditions on the properties of 100% cotton yarn, 30/1 Ne combed ring yarn cones were heat setting in a XORELLA CONTEXXOR (yarn conditioning and steaming system). Effect of flat speed of carding machine on the carded sliver and yarn quality Mohammad Mamunur Rashid, KZM Abdul Motaleb and Ayub Nabi Khan Abstract Processing parameters play an important role in influencing the quality of the final product in any kinds of production. Hairiness is the total length of protruding fibers within the measurement field of 1 cm length. It can be seen that as the yarn becomes finer the increase in yarn hairiness after winding reduces (Fig.7) and the number of neps increases more rapidly (Fig. Disclaimer:  This article responds to questions addressed by a number of spinners in Vietnam and Bangladesh regarding cotton fiber neps and seedcoat fragments. Fig 4: Effect of fibre length on neps [2]. About 80% of these defects are due to biological neps or white specks that were not dyed in the dyeing and finishing process. There is an inverse nature of NEPS (200%/km) with the increase in polyester proportion in the blend, which is shown in Figure 4. Neps (+200%): A place in the yarn exceeds +200% with respect to mean yarn cross-section and length is up to 4 mm. The Ne24 and Ne30 cotton yarns have comparable unevenness and … 13. In this study, the relationship between fiber properties and yarn imperfections has been investigated using … Neps in cotton continue to be a major problem in the cotton yarn manufacturing process. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The quality parameters such as unevenness (Um% and CVm%), imperfections/km (thick places/km, thin places/km and neps/km), yarn hairiness, yarn strength (count strength product), moisture% and yarn … The key step to control neps in the cotton mix is to purchase cotton bales that do not exceed 400 neps per gram, or 35 seedcoat neps per gram. Ltd. Jalgaon. Effect of polyester/cotton blend ratio on NEPS 200%/ km. These are also caused by mechanical means during seed-cotton cleaning before ginning or due to seed damage during ginning. This means that lower the neps in the card sliver could mean lower comber noil, which can be a major saving to spinners. https://cottonusa.org/expert-outlooks/learn-about-the-effect-of-fiber-neps But at high cleaning intensity (fig.-2), higher cylinder speed shows poor yarn quality in case of neps (+280%). The two main factors affecting nep formation are fiber characteristics and mechanical processing. The number of neps above critical nep size shall be eliminated in carding by optimizing setting, grinding frequency, wire condition/replacement, suction, process parameters, etc. It is found that the neps, short fibers, and unevenness of sliver and yarn are reduced proportionally with the increase of flat speed, whereas the tensile properties of yarn are increased. linage analysis is being used to quantify white speck neps on dyed fabric. thick, thin places and neps were increased when the rotor diameter increases from 43 to 54 mm. It was also found a good correlation exists between the card web neps and the yarn neps. This is a long subject that I will be glad to discuss with individual spinning mills. Mechanical neps are those made up of only fibrous material containing at least five or more fibres. Microscopic observations of neps indicate that the number of fibers forming a single nep may range from 5 to 20 fibers knotted together. It was observed that yarn spun on the EliTe compact spinning frame have the following advantages when compared to those spun on the conventional spinning frame: higher tenacity and elongation at break, lower mass irregularity measured on short segments, and a significantly smaller number of faults such as thin & thick places and neps, as well as a higher degree of elasticity, and a … In cotton fibre spinning, the cost of raw material plays an important role, since it accounts for over 50% of the total cost of the ring spun yarn. This is because the equipment required to gin, and clean cotton will inevitably result in some fiber entanglement causing neps to occur. A 45 s combed yarn gives an average nep count of about 12 nep/g (it would be rare indeed to make a … When fine-combed yarns are produced, lower neps in the cotton bales will result in lower waste and lower comber noil. This means that carding machine rates should be set in view of nep removal. There are four stages of processing during spinning in which nep content can be controlled:  This represents less than 8% of the cotton worldwide. LITERATURE REVIEW Part - 2 12. In this article, expert Dr. Yehia Elmogahzy answers frequently asked questions about the effect of neps on the manufacturing process. Effect of polyester/cotton blend ratio on NEPS 200%/ km. Card clothing is the core component of the carding process to increase the yield and quality and reduce the nep. There is an inverse nature of NEPS (200%/km) with the increase in polyester proportion in the blend, which is shown in Figure 4. A third category of neps found on the surface of the dyed fabrics was named pancake type neps. Formation and distribution of neps I’m also a contributor of Wikipedia. What are the causes? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Further work could be done on producing quality yarn of various counts from other natural, synthetic and blends fibres to justify this analysis. Neps are associated with poor yarn and ultimately with poor fabric appearance and have an effect on yarn uniformity and dyeing quality. With regard to seed-coat neps, up to 10 neps per gram is considered a best-case scenario, 11-20 is low, 21-30 is medium, 31-45 is high, and > 46 is very high. measures neps in yarns as short thick spots. Neps in the raw material can be classified as mechanical neps or biological neps. But what spinners need to know is that the higher the neps in the cotton mix, the lower the percent added neps during opening and cleaning. Neps in the raw material can be classified as mechanical neps or biological neps. To learn more about the use of cookies on this site and the extent to which you can opt-out of cookies click here. 0.11 sliver hank of … It is to be noted that neps below critical nep size will not influence yarn quality/fabric appearance significantly. 3.1 Neps (USTER ® AFIS-N ... describe the quality of a fiber or a yarn. The effect of contamination on final yarn quality and various techniques of contamination removal during spinning processes have also been discussed in detail. So neps of rotor yarn had been increased with increasing cylinder speed at high cleaning intensity. Normally, fibers of micronaire value above 3.8 are very mature. The sensitivity levelwas 3for thick places and neps and - 50% for thin places. Mechanical neps are those made up of only fibrous material containing at least five or more fibers. Yarn imperfection (neps, thick and thin places) on the other hand is an important yarn parameter which affects yarn and fabric processing, and quality parameter. The opening and cleaning process will always add neps to cotton fibers. Hence trials are to be concluded based on critical nep size reduction. Jute fiber processing requires inter fiber cohesion which can be imparted by crimping process [5] , [6] , [7] . This is because different cards in the same line may have different nep removal efficiency because of the different wiring conditions of card machines. This type of nep is very common, and it represents the majority of neps in U.S. cotton. Question 4: We receive frequent complaints of white specks and undyed spots in fabrics made from our yarns. It also could be checked by changing others spinning parameters. They occur in varying numbers in most cotton yarns and cause considerable concern to most persons interested in yarn and fabric quality. Can they be controlled? The removal of neps represents a significant added-cost of yarn manufacturing since they may require more frequent wiring of carding machines, or higher comber noils during combing. For air-jet spinning, neps represent a more serious matter and careful purchasing of cotton bales is critical. The residual neps can be as low as 30 neps per gram in carded yarns and as low as 8 or 10 neps per gram in combed yarns. Neps are associated with poor yarn and ultimately with poor fabric appearance and have an effect on yarn uniformity and dyeing quality. They are mechanically created during harvesting and in the lint-cleaning process after ginning. [Show full abstract] to observe the effect of spinning parameters such as rotor diameter and speed on thick, thin places and neps of yarn in rotor spinning process. It also could be checked by changing others spinning parameters. The yarn tenacity improves at lower card production rate because of better carding quality (Rakshit et al, 1985). Neps of large sizes (> 2,000 µm) that manage to survive into the yarn can result in poor yarn appearance and they can appear in the finished fabrics in the form of undyed dark dots (white specks) particularly if they constitute dead or immature fibers. Yarn imperfection (neps, thick and thin places) on the other hand is an important yarn parameter which affects yarn and fabric processing, and quality parameter. Textile terms and definitions define a `Nep’ as a small knot of entangled fibers that usually comprises dead or immature fibers. The occurrence of higher level of smaller size neps in Indian cottons affects yarn imperfections in fine and superfine counts. Count and strength: Yarn count was determined using Auto Sorter-5 and it gave direct reading. 6). In case some of these bales are available in the inventory, they can either be processed separately using slower rates of processing, or they can be dispersed in small amounts over many cotton mixes. In one study, it was found that ginning using three tower driers and two lint cleaners significantly increased the amount of card web neps compared with one lint cleaner and without using heat for drying. In some cases, this great variety has resulted in confusion and communication problems, because some ... has become more and more important, because hairiness can also affect the quality a woven or knitted fabric. Mechanical neps are those made up of only fibrous material containing at least five or more fibres. Yarn produced from shorter fibers has negative 2 effect on yarn tenacity, hairiness and yarn imperfections. A spinners double in the warp or in yarn for circular knitting can downgrade hundreds of meters of woven , or knitted fabric. It is advisable that spinners periodically measure neps in the chute feed material to determine the severity of adding neps during opening and cleaning. 3.1 Neps (USTER ® AFIS-N ... describe the quality of a fiber or a yarn. The study revealed a relationship between the blend ratio and the NEPS 200% in the yarn per km. The author welcomes any additional questions on the subject and he will be happy to answer them. Chapter 5 provides insight into the types of neps and their measurement and control in blow room, carding and comber processes. The higher the nep-removal efficiency the lower the neps in the carded sliver. Bhavdip Paldiya Dept. All cotton bales, manually harvested, mechanically harvested, saw-ginned, or roller-ginned will have fiber neps. When high variation of neps between cards is observed, better card maintenance and wiring schedule will be required. The quality cotton yarn was produce by using rotor spinning system that can be used for weaving and knitting fabrics. The combing process could have nep removal efficiency exceeding 80% depending on the comber noil % used. Neps are associated with poor yarn and ultimately with poor fabric appearance and have an effect on yarn uniformity and dyeing quality. For more information about how we collect, use, and share such information click here. The tooth profile, manufacturing quality, specification, sharpness and wear resistance directly affect the quality of the yarn; The use of high-quality sharp clothing can significantly reduce the neps. And what causes them? Question 5: What is the cost of neps and seedcoat neps? The author of this article is solely responsible for the content and the recommendations made. Biological neps: these are serious neps and they may consist of a cluster of immature fibers or fibers entangled with non-fiber materials such as seed coat fragments, leaves, or stem material. Discover these answers and more. Neps containing foreign material such as seed coat fragments, leaf or stem materials were designated as biological neps. 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